Which of the following is a guideline IFSTA recommends when backing apparatus?

Sounding two short blasts of the vehicle's horn immediately before backing the apparatus is a recommended guideline because it serves as a clear, concise signal to those nearby that the vehicle is about to move in reverse. This auditory cue is effective in alerting other personnel and bystanders to be aware of the apparatus's movements, enhancing safety and encouraging them to stay clear of the vehicle's path.

This practice is particularly important in emergency situations where the apparatus may be backing up in a crowded or chaotic environment. The two short blasts are easily recognizable and serve to ensure that everyone in the vicinity understands that the vehicle is about to maneuver, thereby helping prevent accidents and injuries.

In operational contexts, maintaining safety while operating large emergency vehicles like fire trucks and ambulances is critical, which is why the guidelines emphasize using effective communication methods like horn signals when backing up.