In order for apparatus to come to a complete stop on snow and ice, it may take:

When it comes to stopping distances on different surfaces, particularly snowy or icy ones, the conditions drastically affect how long it takes for a vehicle to stop. The correct answer reflects a realistic estimation of the increased stopping distances necessary when traction is significantly reduced due to snow and ice.

Choosing 3 to 15 times greater distance than on dry pavement accurately encapsulates the range of possibilities experienced under varying conditions. On icy surfaces, even a small reduction in traction can lead to exponentially longer stopping distances. This range accounts for variances such as the type of tires, the weight of the vehicle, the angle of the road, and the depth of the snow or ice, which together can influence how effectively brakes work and how much control the driver has.

This understanding is critical for operators of emergency vehicles, as they must adjust their driving strategies to maintain safety under challenging conditions. By recognizing that stopping distances can increase considerably in winter weather, drivers are better equipped to anticipate the necessary adjustments in their operational tactics to prevent accidents and maintain control of their vehicle during emergencies.